It elucidates the critiques leveled by this Islamic reformer against materialist doctrines, particularly emphasizing his deep concern for Islamic unity and his efforts to galvanize the Muslim world to transcend civilizational decline. Al-Afghani argued that such progress could only be achieved through a correct orientation toward science, rather than an adoption of destructive materialist and atheistic ideologies. He underscored the significance of religion as a civilizational foundation alongside science.
It is structured around several key themes: al-Afghani›s attitude toward Western civilization, whether critical or favorable; his critique of Western materialism and the reasons behind it; and the fundamental principles of materialist philosophy.
Furthermore, the study reviews atheistic materialism in antiquity, particularly as espoused by Democritus, Epicurus, and others, followed by an analysis of modern materialism, notably Darwin›s theory, which al-Afghani viewed as having detrimental human, scientific, and ethical implications. The research culminates in a detailed examination of al-Afghani›s critique of modern materialist thought.
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