Some atheist or skeptical philosophers have even presented the existence of evil as a contradiction to divine wisdom, unity, and even to the existence of Allah.
This issue becomes even more apparent when Allah, Almighty, is described with qualities such as justice, kindness, and mercy, or when creation is said to be based on His knowledge and care. This article, by examining Ibn Sina’s works, aims to revisit the approach this great philosopher took toward the problem of evil and to explore the solutions he offered in this regard. According to Ibn Sina, the presence of various forms of evil, both natural and human, is an inherent aspect of the different levels of existence. In fact, removing some of these evils would lead to changes in the very essence of things, altering them or even removing vast parts of the world. These consequences, in themselves, are considered evil, representing a deeper form of imperfection in creation—far more troubling than the usual kinds of evil we discuss. Based on this, there is no contradiction between the existence of evil and divine wisdom, knowledge, and care.
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